Rethinking LeadershipKevin Morrell · companion site

Lens 1 of 6 · Chapter One

Rhetoric

How persuasion builds the thing it appears merely to describe

In plain terms

Rhetoric is the study of how persuasion works — the medium in which an argument becomes shared, rather than decoration added to a finished one. Aristotle defined it as the capacity to see, in any given case, the available means of persuasion — a faculty that can be cultivated, exercised in real situations, always adapted to a particular audience.

What the chapter argues

From the abstract to Chapter One: Rhetoric

Implementing change successfully requires persuasion. Consistent with the idea of leadership-as-narrative, this chapter gives an account of leadership as something created in the course of persuasive communication instead of something existing prior to or independent of it.

… Rhetoric is sometimes understood as a layer or wrapper added to decorate leadership. From the perspective of leadership-as-narrative, this chapter shows how rhetoric makes leadership into something real and shared.

From the book

A two-axis diagram. The horizontal axis runs from destructive on the left to creative on the right; the vertical axis from open at the top to closed at the bottom. Each of the four quadrants describes what an aphorism in that position does: warn of an unspecified challenge ahead; signal the need for change, innovation and creativity; mark out and underline an unfavourable alternative position; illustrate a favourable alternative that is clearly understood and known.
The book maps aphorisms on two dimensions: how far they leave the audience to supply the reasoning, and whether their temper is creative or destructive. Figure by the author.

From the chapter itself

From Chapter One: Rhetoric

Aphorisms work partly through compression – they say in a few words what would take a paragraph to argue properly – but also importantly through what they leave out. Every aphorism is an argument with missing premises. And it is the missing premises that give them their peculiar, almost magical, persuasive force.

Related concepts

Terms you will meet in this chapter, kept in the author's vocabulary:

  • Rhetorical formats
  • Aphorism
  • Open and closed aphorisms
  • Enthymeme
  • Unstated premises
  • Ethos, pathos, logos
  • Defamiliarisation
  • Fabula and sjuzhet
  • Emplotment
  • Digression
  • What counts as evidence

One short example

A question to sit with

Take the last strategy sentence you wrote. What must your audience already believe for it to follow — and would you say that part out loud?

Where to go next

This lens is developed in Chapter One: Rhetoric.

Related tools: Enthymeme Analyser · Critical Narrative Review

Related cases: Steve Jobs and the iPhone launch · The Darzi Review · Evidence-based management

Status: the abstract and the passage above are quoted directly from the manuscript · surrounding text is site-written · author review required